Nov 14, 2014 a time slice is a horizontal display in 3d seismic data. Automatic seismic event tracking using a dynamic time. First is the reflection problem in which both source and receiver are at the surface of the earth. Data in a courtesy shell oil company and esso, and data in d bp amoco. A petroleum geologists guide to seismic reflection in. Pdf timefrequency analysis of seismic data using local. Seismic attributes in hydrocarbon reservoirs detection and. Seismic data interpretation 48 data volume vertical section horizontal section surface tracking arbitrary line line crossline time slice depth slice horizon slice horizon attribute fault slice composite display integrating 2 or more elements of display display products from a 3d seismic. A time slice is a quick, convenient way to evaluate changes in amplitude of seismic data. Science of seismic interpretation way of the geophysicist. To follow the first part of the book, the reader is only expected to have an elementary understanding of 2d seismic methods. Quantitative seismic interpretation an earth modeling.
To be effective, it is necessary to teach geologists and engineers a bit of geophysics, and geophysicists and engineers a bit of geology. Seismic attributes for prospect identification and. Note the improvement in the signaltonoise ratio and the continuity of events in figure 7. Poststack seismic data processing generate fault, seismic and rock solid attributes, and despike, resample and flatten seismic data. Seismic attributes and their applications in seismic. The time slice clearly displays the channels embedded in sediments these channels are thin features. We can clearly see how the filter has enhanced the edges and focus of the faults. A timeslice view of the data is an improvement over vertical sections for the interpretation of depositional systems because it provides the opportunity to see a portion of depositional systems in map view.
Time frequency analysis is an important technology in seismic data processing and interpretation. A time slice contributes one contour level for a horizon as illustrated in figure 7. A horizontal display or map view of 3d seismic data having a certain arrival time, as opposed to a horizon slice that shows a particular reflection. A horizon slice that cuts through the 3d volume along a picked horizon is often the best way to see stratigraphic features.
Such a display can be used for the quality control of structural interpretation. A petroleum geologists guide to seismic reflection book. In seismic traveltime tomography, we must consider two distinct cases. The folder will appear in the input tab in the explorer window. This technique involves visualizing and interpreting areally finite portions of horizons on time slice slabs of the data. Seismic analysis interpret in time or depth on 2d3d survey inlines, crosslines, zslices, arbitrary lines and 3d space.
A major uncertainty in the interpretation and risk analysis of seismic amplitude anomalies is the presence of a pitfall. This might include well log data, production data, pressure data, and other types of geologic, geophysical and. Single trace attributes are available in other hampsonrussell products. Seismic amplitude is an invaluable daytoday tool for graduate students and. Figure 6a and figure 6b show the amplitude time slice extracted from the seismic volume at ms. Although the data are noisy, the figures clearly show a continuous reef slope signature blue amplitudes, figure 3 separating basinal sediments to the north and east from the carbonate reef body to the south and west. For a detailed description of the technique see stark. In reflection seismology, a seismic attribute is a quantity extracted or derived from seismic data that can be analysed in order to enhance information that might be more subtle in a traditional seismic image, leading to a better geological or geophysical interpretation of the data. Topics covered include basic structural interpretation and mapmaking.
The seismic wavelet starts as the pulse of seismic energy, which, generated by the energy source, travels down through the earth, is reflected and travels back up to the surface receivers carrying the geological information with it. This book introduces geophysicists and geologists to the technique of interpreting 3d seismic data. Pitfalls and limitations in seismic attribute interpretation. Examples of seismic attributes can include measured time, amplitude, frequency and attenuation, in. Such a seismic surface display was termed a stratal slice zeng et al. Seismic interpretation is the thoughtful procedure of separating these effects. Maps of any attribute analysis in the area are presented, as well as seismic crosssections to demonstrate the trap and the salient points of the interpretation.
Faults are suggested where reflections terminate systematically. King fahid university of petroleum and minerals, 1994. Figure 4, 5, are if time slices displaying the slave. Quantitative seismic interpretation stanford rock physics. Basics of seismic interpretation incorporated research. With the high interest in reducing exploration risk, this course addresses the methodology of an amplitude interpretation and the subsequent benefits and limitations that one can. The interpretation of 3d data provides also more detailed stratigraphic information than the interpretation of 2d data.
Therefore, based on the analysis of seismic slices of different time, the distribution and evolution of sand bodies could be predicted when the. Seismic traveltime tomography fundamentals of geophysical. Very different from the usual statistics, ray and wave phenomenae. Different seismic attribute displays for the 2 s time slice across the hgp2002a 3d seismic survey in the. A time slice contains events from more than one reflection horizon at the same time level. The use of computers in 3d seismic volume interpretation has not reached its full potential. However, seismic prestack elastic inversion based on rock physics modeling and analysis introduced in this paper is a significant method that can help seismic inversion and interpretation. Horizon attributes are extracted along a time slice or tracked horizon and. The topics it covers include basic structural interpretation and mapmaking. The book covers ocean acoustic tomography, inverse methods, seismic numerical modeling, asymptotic theory of normal modes and surface waves, foundation of inverse theory, etc. Astrikeoriented seismic line from the 3d survey is displayed in figure 2 and an amplitude time slice in figure 3. Seismic data interpretation and evaluation for hydrocarbon. Interpretation of threedimensional seismic data is the definitive, and now classic, text on the subject. Using gpus to dramatically decrease the runtime of algorithms for enhancing faults, computing horizon orientation, and calculating volumetric curvature.
This book is written for advanced earth science students, geologists, petroleum engineers and others who want to get quickly up to speed on the interpretation of reflection seismic data. We start by picking a depositional surface geologic time surface so that any seismic attribute extracted on such a surface could represent a genetic depositional unit. To start interpretation seismic horizon in interpretation folder must be activated. Interpretation of threedimensional seismic data by alastair brown but no amount of books will do as much for you as the following suggestion. This book demystifies that art and science of seismic interpretation for those with. Copublished with aapg, it contains several updates and new data examples. Nov 19, 2017 interpretation of threedimensional seismic data by alastair brown but no amount of books will do as much for you as the following suggestion. Introduction interpretation of threedimensional seismic. Fault interpretation is easily performed on a few time slices to create a triangulated. Attributes is designed to create and extract a collection of advanced, multitrace seismic attributes to enhance the seismic interpreters ability to analyse frequency content, reduce noise, detect fractures and other discontinuous features in seismic volumes. To be effective, it is necessary to teach geologists and engineers a bit of geophysics, and geophysicists and engineers a. To localize frequency content in time, we have developed a novel method for computing a time. The book starts from the introduction of the basic concepts and methods in 3d seismic imaging. Preface xi acknowledgements xiii part i basic topics and 2d interpretation.
Interpreting 3d seismic data 3d seismic interpretation. What is the best book to learn how to practice and interpret. Conceived in 1979 and first published in 1986, the book helps geoscientists extract more information from their seismic data and improve the quality of. Besides contouring, time slices also are useful in quality control. During interpretation, the slices of seismic fusion volume are used to control the planar strike of faults, and the sections of seismic fusion volume are. A combination of crosssections and stratigraphic slices is the key to recognize geomorphologic patterns and to extract the associated geomorphologic features posamentier, 2005. Seismic amplitude alone often carries a lot of information such as geomorphologic features. A petroleum geologists guide to seismic reflection edition. Pdf seismic attributes and structural interpretationit.
Id love to say its very clear and seismic data reveals a perfect image of the subsurface. Seismic attributes play a key role in exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons. Seismic interpretation is an art or a skill that is acquired with experience, which i happened to. Seismic geomorphobgy and highresolution seismic stratigraphy of innershelf fluvial, estuarine, deltaic, and marine sequences, gulf of thailand november 2011 aapg bulletin 9511. The images on the left show an example of a complex channel system that would have been be undetected without 3d seismic. Seismic amplitude interpretation geoscienceworld books. Timehorizon attributes include coherence, dip, azimuth, and curvature. In seismic attributes for prospect identification and reservoir characterization satinder chopra and kurt j.
Examples of seismic attributes can include measured time. Mcquillin and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at. It is a development of material given to students on the msc course in petroleum geology at aberdeen university and takes the form of a course manual rather than a. Gpu acceleration for seismic interpretation algorithms. Our seismic interpretation software, dug insight is a fullfeatured 2d3dprestack visualisation and interpretation package. As an individual geoscientist, you develop and apply your own. The horizon slice, the most important display for stratigraphic interpretation chapter 4, is particularly sensitive to footprint. Stratigraphic oil trap detection using seismic attributes. Dug insight takes a fresh approach to seismic interpretation software, with powerful features integrated into an easytouse interface. Hence, spectral recomposition can be used in time slice or stratal slice interpretation. The authors provide an integrated methodology and practical tools for quantitative interpretation, uncertainty assessment, and characterization of subsurface. Seismic interpretation an overview sciencedirect topics. Jan 01, 2003 this book introduces geophysicists and geologists to the technique of interpreting 3d seismic data. The primary aim of this book is to describe dixs correlation procedure in terms of the science, data, tools, and techniques now used in seismic interpretation in the oil and gas industry.
If there is no interpretation folder or horizon it must be inserted. Appendix d adds a summary of recommendations to help todays interpreter get more out of 3d seismic data. Marfurt introduce the physical basis, mathematical implementation, and geologic expression of modern volumetric attributes including coherence, dipazimuth, curvature, amplitude gradients. Seismic attributes, seismic geomorphology, local structural dip 1. Right click on the interpretation folder and select insert new horizon. Deriving from the authors extensive industry expertise and experience of delivering practical courses on the subject, it guides the interpreter through each step, introducing techniques with practical observations and helping to evaluate interpretation confidence. Kingdom seismic and geological interpretation software. As mentioned in chapter 1, and elsewhere in this work, the 3d seismic interpretation does not rely solely on seismic data. A time slice view of the data is an improvement over vertical sections for the interpretation of depositional systems because it provides the opportunity to see a portion of depositional systems in map view. The book can thus be used for teaching a firstlevel graduate class as well as a short course for professionals. We start by picking a depositional surface geologictime surface so that any seismic attribute extracted on such a surface could represent a genetic depositional unit. Figure 6a is the raw seismic data, while figure 6b is the same time slice after the application of a fault enhanced filter dip median and diffusion. Pitfalls in seismic interpretation society of exploration geophysicists monograph series, number 2.
Seismic interpreters can be geologists, geophysicists, and even engineers. The slab thickness is a weak function of the bandwidth of the data and a stronger function of the dip of the reflections. Sep 19, 2007 fault interpretation offshore trinidad seismic time slice coherence slice complex coherence faulting shows difficult to lateral detect on continuity seismic of faults gersztenkorn et al. Pdf seismic geomorphobgy and highresolution seismic. Seismic data analysis techniques in hydrocarbon exploration explains the fundamental concepts and skills used to acquire seismic data in the oil industry and the stepbystep techniques necessary to extract the sections that trap hydrocarbons as well as seismic data interpretation skills it enhances the ability to interpret seismic data and use that data for basin evaluation. Attribute analysis of 3d seismic data in time slices presents a great opportunity. Surface slicing is a novel approach to interpreting seismic horizons. Chapter 4 seismic attributes in hydrocarbon reservoirs detection and characterization. Gpu acceleration for seismic interpretation algorithms author. A seismic interpretation study should access the following data sets. Nov 24, 2014 vertical slices through seismic amplitude corendered with mostpositive and mostnegative structural curvature volumes and a time slice near top basement at t 1.
The use of seismic attributes to enhance fault interpretation. Pdf analysis of a phenomenon in seismic slices interpretation. Seismic attributes and structural interpretationit takes two to tango. What is the best book to learn how to practice and. Interpretation of threedimensional seismic data, 7th. The if time slice also enhances tectonic features otherwise masked on the conventional time slice displays. Unconventional seismic interpretation workflow to enhance seismic attributes results and extract geobodiesat published on february 17, 2016 february 17, 2016 9 likes 9 comments. Interpretation of threedimensional seismic data alistair r. The focus for most of this book is on surface reflection seismology, meaning.
Quantitative seismic interpretation demonstrates how rock physics can be applied to predict reservoir parameters, such as lithologies and pore fluids, from seismically derived attributes. Jun 09, 2015 seismic data interpretation 48 data volume vertical section horizontal section surface tracking arbitrary line line crossline time slice depth slice horizon slice horizon attribute fault slice composite display integrating 2 or more elements of display display products from a 3d seismic data. The final step in the work with seismic data is seismic interpretation. In geophysical tomography, the focus has been on the seismic travel time inversion problem. Interpretation of threedimensional seismic data by alastair brown.
The time slice is the first step toward 3d interpretation of a 3d seismic volume. This accessible, authoritative book provides a complete framework for seismic amplitude interpretation and analysis, guiding the interpreter through techniques with practical observations and helping to evaluate interpretation confidence. First steps in seismic interpretation geoscienceworld. A typical seismic interpretation workstation displays the seismic data in vertical. It is a development of material given to students on the msc course in petroleum geology at aberdeen university and takes the form of a course manual rather than a systematic textbook. It can be noted that the reflected energy have a reasonably good consistency with the designed channel sand bodies shown in figure 9a. The rms amplitude of the layer time slice extracted from the flattened seismic dataset at the same time 1. High resolution horizon mapping, horizon slice, and time slice interpretation. Using 3d seismic attributes in reservoir characterization. Often an interpreter observes footprint in his data when he sees the first horizon slice, and this is the very time he wishes he didnt have the problem. Data interpretation of phase and polarity is addressed in the brandnew appendix c. The natural domain of seismic data is reflection time that must be.
In a scientific field called geophysics, interpretation sounds highly subjective. Seismic data interpretation 48 data volume vertical section horizontal section surface tracking arbitrary line line crossline time slice depth slice horizon slice horizon attribute fault slice composite display integrating 2 or more elements of display display products from a 3d seismic data. Instead, good interpreters or good interpretation teams try to integrate as many other types of data as possible into their interpretations. Psadvances in seismic fault interpretation automation. Dug insight seismic interpretation software downunder. This book was written to be an introduction to the geologic interpretation of seismic data.
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